Free College Essays - Response Essay to Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Response to The Scarlet Letter "Confess thy truth and thou shall have eternal rest." I belive that is the moral to be taught in this novel of inspirational love, yet a novel of much sorrow. The impossible became possible in The Scarlet Letter, a story set back in the Puritan Times. In this response, I will give my reactions in writing to different aspects of the novel;the characchters, my likes and dislikes, my questions, and my opinion of the harsh Puritain lifestyle. Hester Prynne, the Reverend Dimmesdale, and Roger Chillingworth each suffered guilt in their own way in the novel The Scarlet Letter. In the beginning of the novel, Hester Prynne should have not suffered the way she did on the scaffold alone. She was forced to be intergated by the high-officials of the town, while holding her little Pearl in arms. Making matters worse, the father of the child was in that very group of officals. She was then sentenced to wear the scarlet letter "A", showing her guilt "externally". Unable to take it off, she was forced to show her guilt to the entire settlement. However, the Reverend Dimmesdale suffered "internally", with a scarlet letter of his own engraved in his mind, and on his chest as well. He felt like he betrayed God, and beat himself in a frenzy to prove his wrongdoing. He often questioned wheather his authority was true or not. Roger Chillingworth suffered the least, because he only failed to reveal the secret that he knew, the father of the child who Hester Prynne was forced to live with. This small restriction to his life forced him to suffer "internally". I had different likes and dislikes in the novel The Scarlet Letter. There were many things that needed to be judged to fit into the given catagories, including; character attitudes, and character decisions. For example, the attitude displayed from the Reverend Mr. Dimmesdale was rather unnapealing to me. There are different ways of settling ones guilt rather than whipping oneself in a closet. The one character whose attitude was appealing to me was that of Pearl's. She showed that mistakes in a relationship often lead to bad situations. Her mischeif and connection to the devil are examples of just those situations. Character decisions played an euqally important role. For example, I thought the descision for Hester not to tell who was the father of Pearl on the scaffold to be very brave, but was wrong.

Mister Pip Relationship Essay

In the novel Mister Pip, the characters are stripped of all luxuries, which expose their innermost beliefs and their conflicting personality, causing disruption between the different characters. This essay will examine intense personal relationships between Matilda, Dolores and Mr Watts that lie at the heart of this novel and will argue that the relationships lying at the heart of Mister Pip are both intense and intricately wound into the story with a purpose of either driving the plot forward or getting an important idea across to the reader. Matilda has a common mother-daughter relationship with Dolores and often doesn’t agree with how her mother does things. As Mister Pip is written from Matilda’s point of view in first person, the readers gain an interesting perspective on her relationships with others. Matilda states things without being emotionally charged, which Jones has done so that the readers are positioned to empathise with Matilda. Mothers and daughters do not always have the best relationship, and so we as readers are caught up in their arguments, the plot is driven forwards. Matilda understands that Dolores is jealous of how interested she is in this new book Great Expectations rather than her heritage but she is too stricken by the book to stop reading it. Jones shows this when Matilda says, ‘What made her mother’s blood run hot was this white boy Pip and his place in my life’. This shows the reader that Dolores clings on to Matilda because she sees Matila as all she has left in the world. Dolores shows her hatred and fear of anything â€Å"white† as she doesn’t understand white people and doesn’t want Matilda to get hurt. Dolores has a fear of her daughter entering a different world, often a fear for mothers as their children grow up and no longer do they have the control over their lives that they used to. Although we are lead to dislike Dolores, we see how much Matilda really used to look up to her when she finds out that Dolores stole Great Expectations. When she finds the book, she is so angry and confused, showing it was the worst time ever in their relationship. It is hard to put into words my feelings of betrayal at that moment’ shows that although Matilda is frustrated by her mothers religion, she trusted Dolores to do the right thing and although she understands why her mum took the book, she loses this trust in her mother to be morally responsible. She also realises how desperately Dolores wants to keep Matilda close and protect her, but she is so betrayed by her behaviour that this pushes her away from her mother even more. Dolores and Mr Watts have the most controversial relationship in this novel. Mr Watts stands for everything that Dolores didn’t believe in, as she was extremely religious yet he was an atheist. They are two completely different people that are forced together when Mr Watts becomes Matilda’s teacher. While Dolores is adamant that Matilda should live a life alongside ‘The Good Book’, Mr Watts focuses more on what it means to be a gentleman, an idea completely idyllic to Matilda. Although this is a significant aspect of his teaching, his teachings were more about change. Conflict stems from Mr Watts being a white man; Dolores hates white men because of their effect on Bougainville through the mines and blames them for the loss of her husband. This idea is used to drive the plot forwards, as the reader learns alongside Matilda about a whole new world and way of being. Mr Watts teaches the young Bougainvilleans that ‘A gentleman is a man who never forgets his manners, no matter the situation’, and ‘a gentleman always does the right thing’. This is an interesting concept, as although both Dolores and Mr Watts have a high regard in doing the morally right thing, Dolores despises Mr Watts for teaching Matilda values that she sees to be immoral. The author shows that this may be because it gets across the idea that Dolores doesn’t understand the world outside of Bougainville, the ‘white’ world. This shows the intensity of the relationship between Dolores and Mr Watts, as eventually Dolores shows she is the paramount ‘gentleman’ when she sacrifices her life for Matilda’s virginity and essentially gets raped for defending Mr Watts. The idea of conflict from being ‘white’ and ‘racism’ between Dolores and Mr Watts is mentioned many times throughout the text. Dolores is hostile towards all white people, as she sees them responsible for the civil war â€Å"there were white people crawling over Panguna like ants over a corpse†. The children say ‘We had grown up believing white to be the color of all the important things, like aspirin, ice cream, ribbon, the moon’. This shows that Mr Watts does not only fascinate the locals, but racism really comes to be a part of this novel, as the older generations are influencing the thoughts of the younger children. Jones shows the intensity of this relationship when Dolores goes into the schoolhouse to preach to the children – she sees Mr Watts teachings as infiltrating their innocence, and believes that the bible is the only way to live by. This is another contradictory idea though, as although Dolores swears by the bible, she breaks one of the Ten Commandments when she steals the book. This shows that her urge to protect Matilda’s innocence and to do what she believes is morally right is greater even than her Christianity. Dolores has one redeeming feature, which is her love for Matilda. When the soldiers say they are going to rape her, Dolores says ‘She is my only girl. Please. I beg you. Not my darling Matilda’. This is when the reader really learns that Matilda is all she has left, and is willing to give her life to make Matilda’s a little easier and to preserve her innocence. The thoughts that Matilda had on Dolores as being ‘the bravest woman’ were at the end, so it is only after the death of her mother and when Matilda was older that she completely understood her mother. In Mister Pip, the relationships between Dolores, Mr Watts and Matilda were very intense. Jones showed these relationships had two purposes, which were either to drive forward the plot, or to get important ideas across such as being a gentleman, and the ‘white’ world. The reader would clearly see that these deep and personal relationships shaped the novel, and the path that Matilda’s life took.

Cause and Effect of Obesity Essay - 1057 Words

Article Source: http://www.buzzle.com/articles/obesity.html Overweight and obesity is the second leading cause of death, killing 300,000 people a year, ... There is not a miracle pill that will lead to weight loss ~ Richard Carmona Obesity is perhaps one of the most dangerous health problems increasing at an alarming rate due to various factors most of which are related to the changing lifestyles. Here is some basic information about obesity. What is obesity? Obesity is a condition where the fat layer accumulates in the body to a point where it becomes a health risk. The human body can afford to accumulate a little extra fat but when the fat accumulation exceeds the minimum extent, it interferes with the general health issues†¦show more content†¦Pregnant women also tend to gain excessive weight, which they may find difficult to shed after the delivery and can thus lead to obesity. Some medicines like corticosteroids, tricyclic antidepressants as well ascertain high blood pressure and ant psychotic medications can lead to weight gain. What are the factors that can increase the risk of obesity? There are several risk factors associated with obesity. First and foremost the genetic make up that plays a role in fat deposition and fat burning. Also if both the parents are obese, the risks of the child being obese are high. In addition to that age also plays an important factor that might hinder the calorie-burning process and aggravates the fat accumulation. It is also said that since women have less muscle mass, they manage to burn lesser calories than the men and hence have a higher risk of obesity. If I am obese, what are the treatment options available? The healthiest way to fight obesity is by switching to a healthier diet and a strict exercise regime and following it rigorously. There also exist several medications that help to facilitate weight loss however these are to be administered only if prescribed by your physician. Surgery is also an option in case the case is highly complicated and cannot be resolves by the other treatment options. How can obesity be prevented? Maintaining a healthy diet rich in essential vitamins,Show MoreRelatedCause and Effect Essay on Obesity962 Words   |  4 PagesTiffany Nali Period 3 May 20,2012 Cause and Effect Essay on Obesity Obesity is one of the main topics in America including one of the main reasons of death.-(begin with a subject) Detecting obesity is easy, but treating it can be very hard to do. Never have there have been so many teens and children not only overweight but obese. In some ways, it could be called the plague of the twenty- first century due to adolescents and teenagers indulgingRead MoreThe Causes and Effects of Obesity Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesresult of cause and effect. For instance, if a match is struck; a flame ignites, if water is put on the flame; the flame is extinguished, if more fuel is added to the fire; the fire gets bigger. A major problem in our society today, the problem of obesity, results from cause and effect. While many factors are involved, the causes for obesity are ultimately from choices made by individuals. One of the causes for the continuing rise in obesity in the United States is because the cycle of obesity, thatRead MoreCauses and Effects of Adult Obe sity Essay1945 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Although many individuals are uncertain about the increasing statistics associated with obesity, more than seventy percent of men and virtually sixty-two percent of women within the United States adult population are overweight or obese (Wilmore, Costill, Kenney). Obesity refers to the condition of having an excessive amount of body fat. If an individual’s amount of body fat becomes too excessive, he/she is at a much greater risk of developing life-altering diseases such as heartRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On People, Cancers And Type 2 Diabetes1252 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Obesity has become a growing issue in the recent years and its increasing trend is now referred to as a ‘pandemic’ by many researchers and scientists. With a  £3.2 billion currently estimated cost of overweight and obesity to the NHS, one can understand the growing interest in this matter. This essay is going to discuss the bad effects of obesity on people, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancers and type-2 diabetes. Then, this essay will talk about the causes, and how junk food andRead MoreThe Effects Of Obesity On The Health Organization905 Words   |  4 Pagesis called obesity or overweight, which according to The World Health Organization, WHO, (2010 ) is measured by body mass index (BMI), which is the weight of the body over the height squared. People who have a BMI over 25 kg/m^(-2) are considered overweight, while people who have a BMI over 30 kg/m^(-2) are considered obese. Obesity can be the main cause of many cardiovascular diseases. This severe issue can be caused by many factors, and even though there are some unpreventable causes like geneticsRead MoreObesity Is Increasing Around The World And How The Government Should Take Responsibility1554 Words   |  7 Pages Title A Introduction â€Å"The term â€Å"obese† is used for every overweight person who has a high percentage of body weight†. Obesity is defined when a person has 20% higher body fat than an average person. Obesity in many ways causes negative effects on health such as difficulties in breathing and difficulties in walking this is because the body accumulates fat that the body cannot handle. However, the body mass index is measured in two ways, which are the height and weight of a person to see if thatRead MoreThe Reason Of Obesity And Obesity998 Words   |  4 PagesObesity Introduction: In these days, rates of overweight and obesity are growth faster in Australia. Fourteen million Australians are overweight or obese. More than five million Australians are obese. Australian adults (63%) are overweight or obese, almost 2 in 3. And children (25%) are overweight or obese. Obesity has overtaken smoking as the crucial cause of death and illness in Australia. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians are 1.9 times as likely as non-indigenous Australians toRead MoreFast Food1145 Words   |  5 PagesRamandeep Singh Mrs. Vinson October 23, 2012 English 1001 Essay 2 Draft 3 Fast food Obesity is an epidemic that is sweeping over the United States today. It’s affecting both adults and children. With the increase in fast food availability and a decrease in the time most Americans have to prepare nutritious meals at home, it’s obvious why more people are eating at fast food restaurants. Obesity is a growing problem in the United States and more and more children are being affected. But do uneducatedRead MoreDuring my first semester at college I have had the privileged to be your student. I learned quite a600 Words   |  3 Pagesenglish but could barely complete the exercises. As time went on I really started to understand the rules behind the way pronouns and their antecedents work which helped improve my writing. The first of the two papers I will be showcasing is my cause and effect paper titled Rising Sizes. Although I did not receive one of my best grades on this paper, I feel that this paper helped to show the way that I can come up with points to support my thesis. The points that I came up with in this paper were someRead MoreChildhood Obesity And How Genetic, Social And Environmental Factors Help The Problem Of Obesity970 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is now considered an epidemic stated by Hall and Elliman (2010) they also declared how around one to two thirds of children will go onto become obese. To be able to avert obesity there needs to be an understanding of what elements can cause obesity, but also to understand the harm it can have on the health and wellbeing of the child, this allows people to support children with the condition. This essay will delve deeper into this in relation to childhood obesity and how genetic, social and

Should Children do Their Homework Essay

Is Studying Without Homework Possible? Many years that we spend going to school or university are impossible to imagine without all those endless hours of doing boring home assignments. If you ask any student about the amount of homework they would be ready to do without complaining, the answer is very likely to be none. Students claim that homework deprives them of any free time they might have during the school years, that teachers make them work excessively and put them under stress with the strict deadlines for submission. But is this attitude always justified and why do we have to do our homework? On the one hand, it really helps teachers to extend the time students devote to their studies. Apart from getting the explanation of some material in class, students revise it at home by doing exercises or supplementary reading. In this way, they practice what they are supposed to learn, which makes their knowledge perfect. However, homework is not all about giving you more knowledge. It is also crucial for acquiring vitally important skills, such as analysis, individual approach and independent thinking. Doing homework, students are supposed to read and understand the task, which develops their analytical abilities; they also work without the support of the teacher and the class and this means that they are not limited by the opinion of the majority and must schedule their work themselves. Moreover, homework often consists of memorizing something, which is good for training your memory, so it is no doubt equally important for your academic achievements and everyday life. Despite all the students complaints, homework is a useful and important part of the educational process. It helps to acquire knowledge and master important skills, which often determines future professional success.

Social Support Through Motivation Motivation - 3426 Words

Social Support Through Motivation All of the achievements in our life are built upon a source of motivation. Motivation is one of the most powerful tools that any person could have, and with enough of it, anyone could be as successful as they desire. With that being said, many people feel that they lack the motivation to achieve their goals. It is very common for people to become discouraged because the have not achieved all of their ambitions. On the contrast there are special kinds of people who wake up everyday with the inspiration to do anything, and everything they want, these types all tend to be very strong-willed and never focus on the negatives. More often than not, these people are leaders. As leaders, they give off a vibe that could make anyone motivated. â€Å"Let’s tell our young people that the best books are yet to be written; the best paintings have yet to be painted; the best governments have yet to be formed; the best is yet to done by them†(McGinnis, pg. 39). If you can lead with moti vation and charisma, you have the ability to motivate anyone. As the author of Bringing Out the Best in People, How to Enjoy Helping Others Excel, Alan Loy McGinnis illustrates 12 important rules that easily illustrate how to bring the best out of people. With these rules comes a lot of knowledge and psychological power that can be incorporated in every-day conversation. To help with the explanation of each rule, Alan uses examples of historical events that relate to his findings.Show MoreRelatedDistance Education Issue And Its Significance. Evidence1034 Words   |  5 PagesSignificance Evidence suggests that learners’ motivation, beliefs, and attitudes play a critical role in their academic success along with social background and school behaviors. Studies indicate that there is significant rate of drop out in distance education than in on campus studies (Willging Johnson, 2004). Some facts about distance education are about 30-50% students drop out before finishing and about 27.3 % is due to lack of motivation and contact. . Factors involved for the drop outRead MoreNotes On Self Determination Psychology1363 Words   |  6 Pagesconfirming motives are more than just biological responses (Yake and Patry, 2014). A broad way to classify motives is in two categories: deficiency and learned motives. Some psychologists distinguish this through motivated reasoning and rationality. Biological motives ensure survival and reproduction; Social motives are traditionally learned motives to satisfy personal expectations according a wide range of factor from morals to cultural backgrounds. The actions completed to remain committed are criticalRead MoreMaslow s Humanistic Hierarchy Of Needs And Then Followed By Ryan And Deci s Self Determination Theory1532 Words   |  7 PagesMotivation can be defined as â€Å"A driving force or forces responsible for the initiation, persistence, direction and trigger of goal related behaviour† (Colman. A. 2001) Motivation to do something can come about in many ways (Stipek 2002).Academic motivation may come from the intrinsic sources such as interest in the subject or lesson or from extrinsic sources, for example money rewards for good grades. In the essay I am going to firstly outline the key information from my case study and then proceedRead MoreThe Theory Of Motivation And Learning1099 Words   |  5 Pages Motivation and Learning Dillan Watts Chapman UniversityMotivation and Learning In 1874, Charles Darwin first stated human beings principal motives were based upon survival and reproduction. Emotions are often interrelated fluctuating human behavior, confirming motives are more than just biological responses (Yake and Patry, 2014). A broad way to classify motives is in two categories: deficiency and learned motives. Some psychologists distinguish this through motivated reasoning and rationalityRead MoreSocial And Emotional Development Of The Gifted1473 Words   |  6 Pages Social and Emotional Development of the Gifted 1 Running head: SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE GIFTED Social and Emotional Development of the Gifted Emily Medford Arkansas State University Social and Emotional Development of the Gifted 2 Social and Emotional Development of the Gifted When dealing with gifted children, there are often many social and emotional problems that are underlying. Gifted students are notRead MoreIndependence During The War For Independence1512 Words   |  7 Pagesthe dynamic of life inside the country. It brought about social and economic issue that seemingly found a way to intertwine themselves. In Mexico, the decline in stability led to corruption throughout the country that created not just banditry, but massive widespread banditry. Bandits and the police aspired too many roles in Mexico before and after the war on independence. These roles by both bandits and the police were backed by motivations that changed over time but some that stayed the same. TheRead MoreA Theory That Supports Motivation, And Learning Will Take Care Of Itself1491 Words   |  6 PagesTake care of motivation, and learning will take care of itself. Learning comes from all forms of understanding. A person whether they are children or adults must take care of themselves in order to focus and maintain what is important. Self esteem in students is especially important when students are learning so when the self-esteem is high the motivation is high thus the learning will excel. One of the key responsibilities as teachers is to become a motivator. Motivation is how people move themselvesRead MoreHigh School Students : A Interview At Alain Leroy Locke1615 Words   |  7 PagesI am potentially interested in working with, which are high school students. The first person I interviewed was a ninth-grade counselor at Alain Leroy Locke College Prepartory Academy. The second person I interviewed was a College Adviser, placed through USC, at Diego Rivera Learning Complex. While the first interview was conducted on site at Locke, the second interview was conducted on campus at USC. For both interviews, I came equipped with my questions already printed out and ready for me to writeRead MoreSelf Determination Theory : The Theory Of Motivation1366 Word s   |  6 PagesThe self-determination theory is the general theory of motivation that states people need to feel autonomous and in control of the decisions they make for themselves about themselves. Our objective within this report is to show that by allowing individuals to make the decision for behavior change, there is a greater probability of long term success for that change than if the decision is made from an outside source. We examined several studies that used the self-determination theory to motivateRead MoreHigh School Students : A Interview At Alain Leroy Locke1616 Words   |  7 PagesI am potentially interested in working with, which are high school students. The first person I interviewed was a ninth-grade counselor at Alain Leroy Locke College Prepartory Academy. The second person I interviewed was a College Adviser, placed through USC, at Diego Rivera Learning Complex. While the first interview was conducted on site at Locke, the second interview was conducted on campus at USC. For both interviews, I came equipped with my questions already printed out and ready for me to write

Heart Essay Research Paper The Normal Cardiac free essay sample

Heart Essay, Research Paper The Normal Cardiac Cycle During each pulse, the two upper Chamberss ( right and left atria ) contract, followed by contraction of the two lower pumping Chamberss ( right and left ventricles ) . This action is coordinated by the bosom # 8217 ; s electrical system. Normal electrical activation of the bosom occurs in an orderly manner. With each round, the electrical urge starts in the fistula ( or sinoatrial ) node ( in the right atrium ) . The impulse spreads through the atria, exciting the atria to contract. The impulse so reaches the auriculoventricular node ( AV node ) , an electrical span that allows urges to travel from the atria to the ventricles. There is a short hold in conductivity before the urge goes on to the ventricles. From the AV node, the impulse travels through a tract of fibres called the His-Purkinje system. This web sends the impulse into the muscular walls of the ventricles and causes them to contract. The contraction pumps blood out of the bosom to the lungs and throughout the organic structure. The rate at which the normal bosom beats depends on the organic structure # 8217 ; s need for oxygen-rich blood. When at remainder, the organic structure needs less oxygen-rich blood, so the bosom rate may be slower. However, during activity or exercising, the organic structure needs more oxygen-rich blood, and the fistula node causes the bosom rate to increase. Taking a pulsation tells how fast the bosom is crushing. Taking Your Pulsation You can experience your pulsation on your carpus. Put your index and in-between finger on the interior carpus of your other arm, merely below the base of your pollex. Your bosom rate, or pulsation, is the figure of beats felt in one minute. You can number the figure of beats in 10 seconds and multiply by 6 to find your bosom rate in beats per minute. By experiencing your pulsation, you can besides state if your bosom beat is regular or non. YOUR HEART RATE = PULSE IN 10 SECONDS ten 6 = ____ beats per minute What is an arrhythmia? An arrhythmia is an irregular or unnatural bosom beat. Arrhythmias may hold many causes, including coronary arteria disease, alterations in the bosom musculus, valvular upsets, electrolyte instabilities, or hurt from a bosom onslaught. Irregular bosom beat can even happen in a healthy # 8220 ; normal # 8221 ; bosom. Common Types of Arrhythmias Tachycardia # 8211 ; a fast bosom beat that has a rate of more than 100 beats per minute. Bradycardia # 8211 ; a slow bosom beat that has a rate below 60 beats per minute. Supraventricular arrhythmias # 8211 ; arrhythmias arising above the ventricles, for illustration in the upper Chamberss, or atria. ( # 8221 ; Supra # 8221 ; means above ; # 8220 ; ventricular # 8221 ; refers to the lower Chamberss of the bosom. ) Premature atrial contractions ( PACs ) # 8211 ; early, excess beats arising in the upper Chamberss of the bosom. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia ( PSVT ) # 8211 ; a rapid, normally regular beat arising from above the ventricles that begins and terminals all of a sudden. Accessory pathway mediated tachycardias ( e.g. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ) # 8211 ; tachycardias due to an excess, unnatural electrical tract or connexion between the atria and ventricles. AV nodal reentrant tachycardia # 8211 ; tachycardia due to more than one tract through the AV node. Atrial tachycardia # 8211 ; a rapid beat arising in the atria. Atrial fibrillation # 8211 ; an arrhythmia due to rapid urges coming from the atria that are disorganized and irregular. Mechanically, this form of rapid, broken atrial activation consequences in loss of co-ordinated atrial contraction. Irregular electrical inputs to the atrioventricular ( AV ) node and His-Purkinje system leads to irregular ventricular contractions. Atrial waver # 8211 ; an atrial arrhythmia due to one or more rapid circuits in the atrium. This arrhythmia by and large is more ordered than atrial fibrillation. Ventricular arrhythmias # 8211 ; arrhythmias originating from the lower Chamberss of the bosom. Premature ventricular contractions ( PVCs ) # 8211 ; early, excess beats arising in the lower Chamberss of the bosom. PVCs are common. Normally they cause no symptoms and require no intervention. In some people, PVCs can be related to emphasize, caffeine, nicotine or to exert. But sometimes, PVCs can be caused by bosom disease or electrolyte instability. Peoples who have a batch of PVCs and/or symptoms associated with them should be evaluated by a heart specialist. Ventricular tachycardia # 8211 ; a rapid beat arising from the lower Chamberss. This can be a more serious arrhythmia, peculiarly in people with bosom disease, and may be associated with more symptoms. It should be evaluated by a heart specialist. Ventricular fibrillation # 8211 ; an fickle, disorganised fire of urges from the ventricles. The ventricles quiver and can non bring forth an effectual contraction, doing an inability to present blood to the organic structure. It is a medical exigency that must be treated with cardiorespiratory resuscitation ( CPR ) and defibrillation every bit shortly as possible. Bradyarrhythmias # 8211 ; slow bosom beat which may originate from disease in the fistula node and other parts of the bosom # 8217 ; s conductivity system, including the AV node and His-Purkinje system. Sinus node disfunction # 8211 ; slow bosom beat due to abnormalcies in the fistula ( sinoatrial ) node. Heart block # 8211 ; a hold or complete blocking of the electrical urge as it travels from the fistula node to the ventricles. The degree of the block or hold may happen in the AV node or His-Purkinje system. The bosom may crush irregularly and normally slower. What are the symptoms of an arrhythmia? An arrhythmia may be *silent* and may non do any symptoms. However, a physician can observe an arrhythmia during an scrutiny by taking the individual # 8217 ; s pulsation or through a trial called an EKG ( ECG ) . Many people with arrhythmias do hold symptoms. These could include any one or more of the followers: Palpitations # 8211 ; esthesiss of skipped bosom beats, flap, # 8220 ; flip-flops # 8221 ; or feelings that the bosom is # 8220 ; running off # 8221 ; Thumping in the thorax Dizziness or feeling faint Fainting Shortness of breath Chest uncomfortableness Weakness or weariness How are arrhythmias diagnosed and what is the hazard appraisal? Diagnosis can be hard, because arrhythmias may be intermittent and there are many different types. Arrhythmias may necessitate no intervention at all, or they may be a mark that something is incorrect and requires farther intervention. After measuring a patient # 8217 ; s symptoms and executing a physical scrutiny, the heart specialist may execute a assortment of diagnostic trials to assist corroborate the presence of an arrhythmia and bespeak it s causes. This is of import to find the earnestness or possible hazard associated with an arrhythmia. Diagnostic Trials Some trials that may be done to corroborate the presence of an arrhythmia include: Electrocardiogram ( ECG ) # 8211 ; a image, on graph paper, of the electrical urges going through the bosom musculus, recorded by electrodes attached to the thorax, weaponries and legs. Ambulatory proctors # 8211 ; there are several types: A holter proctor is a little portable recording equipment that is attached to electrodes on the thorax and that can enter the bosom rhythm continuously for 24 hours at a clip. A transtelephonic proctor records events when the patient is hooked to electrode leads connected to a device that can convey the beat over a telephone. A transtelephonic proctor with a memory cringle can be worn continuously for prolonged periods and records and saves the beat around the clip that an event button is activated. After entering, the beat recorded and saved can be transmitted over the telephone. Stress trial # 8211 ; An exercising trial which may be peculiarly utile in entering arrhythmias that can be brought on with emphasis or exercising. This trial may besides be helpful in finding if there is implicit in bosom disease or coronary arteria disease associated with an arrhythmia. Echocardiogram # 8211 ; An ultrasound of the bosom may be utile in finding if there is any associated bosom musculus or valve disease that may be doing an arrhythmia. Cardiac catheterisation # 8211 ; During this trial, utilizing local anaesthetics, a catheter is inserted into a blood vas and guided to the bosom with the assistance of an X-ray machine. A contrast dye is injected through the catheter so that X-ray films of the coronary arterias, bosom Chamberss, and valves may be taken. This trial may be ordered by a doctor to find if the cause of an arrhythmia is coronary arteria disease and to give information about how good the bosom musculus and valves are working. Electrophysiology survey ( EPS ) # 8211 ; A particular bosom catheterisation that surveies the bosom # 8217 ; s electrical system. The catheters inserted can enter the electrical activity within the bosom and are used to assist happen the cause of the beat perturbation and the best intervention. During the trial, the arrhythmia may be safely reproduced and terminated. Head unsloped tilt trial ( HUT ) # 8211 ; A trial used to safely reproduce conking enchantments in people that may be prone to vasovagal fainting episodes. During the trial, the patient is tilted on a particular tabular array to 60 or more grades unsloped. Blood force per unit area and bosom beat are recorded. In susceptible persons, a fainting enchantment may be provoked. A medicine that may ease the reproduction of these enchantments may besides be used in concurrence with the tilt process. How are arrhythmias treated? Treatment determinations may be complex. In some instances, no intervention is necessary. For arrhythmias that are associated with important symptoms or arrhythmias which may potentially be dangerous, intervention is frequently necessary. Treatment options depend on the type and significance of the arrhythmia. Treatment options may include medicines, cardioversion, pacesetters, implantable cardioverter-defibrillators, surgery, or radiofrequency catheter extirpation of the arrhythmia focal point. Treatment Options Medication # 8211 ; Antiarrhythmic drugs are medicines that dainty or control arrhythmias. A assortment of antiarrhythmics are available, and because everyone is different, it may take tests of several agents to happen a medicine and dose that works best. Electrical cardioversion # 8211 ; In patients with relentless arrhythmias ( for illustration, atrial fibrillation ) , a normal beat may non be accomplishable with drug therapy entirely. After disposal of a short-acting general anaesthetic, cardioversion is performed by presenting an electrical daze to the chest wall that synchronizes the bosom and allows the normal beat to re-start. Permanent pacesetter # 8211 ; A device that sends little electrical urges to the bosom musculus to keep a suited bosom rate. Pacesetters chiefly prevent the bosom from crushing excessively easy. Some pacesetters can increase the bosom rate with activity. The pacesetter has two parts: the leads and the pulse generator. Newer pacesetters have many sophisticated characteristics that are designed to assist with the direction of arrhythmias and to optimise bosom rate-related map every bit much as possible. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( ICD ) # 8211 ; A sophisticated device that is used chiefly to handle ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, two dangerous bosom beat. In both instances, the bosom beats really fast and requires pressing intervention or decease can happen. The ICD invariably monitors the bosom beat. When it detects a really fast, unnatural bosom beat, it delivers energy to the bosom musculus to do the bosom to crush in a normal beat once more. There are several ways an ICD can reconstruct a normal bosom beat. When the bosom beats excessively fast, a series of little electrical urges may be delivered to the bosom musculus to reconstruct a normal bosom rate and beat ( Anti-tachycardia tempo, or ATP ) . Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator # 8211 ; A low energy daze may be delivered at the same clip as the pulse to reconstruct a normal bosom beat ( Cardioversion ) . When the bosom is crushing perilously fast or irregularly, a higher energy daze may be delivered to the bosom musculus to reconstruct a normal beat ( Defibrillation ) . In add-on, many ICDs provide back-up tempo to forestall excessively slow of a bosom beat ( Anti-bradycardia tempo ) . Radiofrequency catheter extirpation ( RFA ) # 8211 ; May be used to bring around certain types of arrhythmias and is normally performed in concurrence with an electrophysiology survey. During RFA, a particular machine is used to direct high radio-frequency energy through a particular catheter to little countries of tissue that cause unnatural bosom beat. This energy # 8220 ; disconnects # 8221 ; the tract of the unnatural beat. RFA is really effectual in bring arounding most PSVTs, atrial waver, and some atrial and ventricular tachycardias. It can besides be used to unplug the electrical tract between the upper Chamberss ( atria ) and the lower Chamberss ( ventricles ) , which may be utile in people with atrial fibrillation and ventricular rates that can non be good controlled on medicine. Open bosom surgery # 8211 ; May be indicated to rectify valvular disease or to short-circuit coronary arteria disease that may predispose to arrhythmias. In add-on, surgical processs are available to potentially bring around some arrhythmias in suitably selected people. For illustration, the Maze process is designed to bring around atrial fibrillation in some people with really difficult to command atrial fibrillation. 312

What are the Main Limitations of the Solow Model

Introduction – Explanation of Solow model Solow model is one of the unique theories that explain the long-term national economic growth. In spite of its uniqueness, it has some significant limitations. This paper discusses the meaning and major limitations of Solow model with respect to the available theories and economic references.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What are the Main Limitations of the Solow Model? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The model is based on three major assumptions. First, the two factors of production (capital and efficient labor) possess perpetual returns to scale. Labor as well as knowledge develops exogenously at considerable rates. This means that the number of effectual labor units will grow at a rate given by the sum of population growth (n) and (Output per worker (g). Secondly; it assumes that other inputs apart from capital, labor and knowledge are not significant. And f inally, the portion of the production invested or saved is constant and equivalent to savings in a closed economy (Todaro Smith 2011, p. 82). The fundamental explanation of the Solow model is that simply the promptness of the technical growth is lasting for significant durable economic advancement. Thus, political advancement can only be fruitful in the long run so long as it favors the technical advancement. This model was established by Robert Merton Solow and Trevor Swan in 1956. The Solow model enlightens long-term economic growth based on technological advancement, work, and majors on the national economy. The fundamental support is that economic progression converges on a lasting foundation against equilibrium, where the investments into the capital stock become equivalent to the writings-off from the capital stock. This support is reasonable, because in this equilibrium the discarded machines are instantaneously exchanged with new ones. This implies that, the national econom y will develop provided that the investments are greater than the writings-off and the reverse will also be true. In addition, approval is attained to the degree that the pro head capital stock descends with increasing population growth, because the available revenue has to be distributed on more people.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, the rate of the technical development is shown in the domestic economy. This lets the available capital stock to come to be obsolete (Krugman 1994, p. 73). This model is also known as neoclassical growth model. It is varies from other economic development models since it comprises of several equations to illustrate how production, capital goods, working time, as well as investments influence each other. It is based on the fact that different nations use their resources effectively, and with increase in labor, there is a decline in returns. In addition, Solow model indicates that technology is a very significant factor for economic growth, and capital grows with improvement in technology. As a result the investments of a country increase and then it realizes an overall economic development. Also, it determines that the advancement on each and every national economy meets against a point provided on a long-lasting basis by the investments put into the national economy. The continuous writing-off rate is dependent on population increase as well as the rate of technological advancement. Therefore, for long-term development in the national economy, there have to be technological advancement (Ray 1998, p.100). Main limitations of Solow model There have been numerous denunciations of Solow model, most of them associated with its combined and wholly supply-side nature. It is not practical to explain all economic production in just a single production function (Solow 1994, p.23). Besides, aggregate capital stock can never be symbolized by one function as in the Solow model (Solow 1957, p. 315). There are several various kinds of output, most of which are never included in the typical GDP accounts, and investments assume several different forms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What are the Main Limitations of the Solow Model? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Positively, there is no one decrease function, considering the fact that there are several diverse forms of capital. Furthermore, there is no distinct saving function that can be associated with the entire production function since national economy involves numerous different kinds of people, whose combined savings is based on the distribution of revenue and several other factors that diverge liable to the kinds of production outcome. For instance, there is dissimilarity between human and physical capital. Physical capital comprises of tools, machineries, structures, tra nsportations, and power plants, among others, that are employed by human beings in production. In contrary, human capital includes skills acquired through schooling, training, practice, and socialization (Ellman 1989, p. 64). The word Human capital is used by economists since, like all capital, it is an expensive resource made in the economy through the process of investments. For instance, in most cases, Economists model training as an investment is a prolific resource. Again, just like physical capital, human capital is dependent upon decline and undesirability. Proponents of the Solow model overlook the awareness and human technologies that have been internalized, and, as technological transformation takes place, some accrued knowledge and experience could become obsolete. Eventually, old people pass away and the younger generation who substitute them must be provided with knowledge from the civilization’s store of knowledge. Just like physical capital, growth in per capit a human capital necessitates investments that surpass the declining stock of the per capita human capital.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The neoclassical Solow model fails to differentiate between the different kinds of capital and, thus it can never be used to assess the dissemination of returns from investment in physical of human capital. Remarkably, there is an indication that human capital is particularly significant for growing knowledge and technology, a factor the Solow model considers as exogenous. Most of the critics of the Solow model are strong supporters of endogenous growth. One of the major limitations of this theory lies in convergence of the progress of a national economy as advocated in the Solow model. This implies that inferior national economies unlock on a lasting basis to the wealthier nations, because they are able to develop at much faster rate without much difficulties (Bosworth Collins 2008, p. 53). However, this convergence could not be established in every national economy. Some of the nations that experienced converging growth include Europe and North America. Besides, Southeast Asia al so realized converging economic growth up to the financial crisis, which was experienced in the 90’s. Moreover, the calculated convergence speeds are extremely high and the Solow model indicates only significant results for the 20th Century. Solow model is also established on the theory of a closed economy. This means that, convergence theory assumes that a group of nations does not have any kind of relationship. Nevertheless, this problem can be avoided, according to Solow, that each and every model has certain imaginary assumptions but could flourish if the final consequences are not subtle to the generalizations used. Besides the model recommended by Solow, there have been several efforts at building a growth model for an open economy, for instance those developed by Birro, Mankiw and Sala-l-Martin in 1995 (Nelson Pack 1999, p. 418). The major reason why there is a global economic crisis is that people have failed to recognize that they form part of the environment, and i t is their obligation to protect it. Additionally, they have failed to acknowledge that they are responsible for controlling the available natural resources for successful economic advancements (Hunter James 20). Currently, there is a heated debate concerning the viability of the business world. The debate is whether the achievements of a business organization should be determined by the quantity of shares and profits realized or whether some other factors should also be taken into consideration. When evaluating the ability of a business organization to maintain its operation, and the challenges it faces, investors will majorly consider the effects of the business on the local people. Besides, they will consider how the operation will affect the natural resources being used. Precisely, it is notable that Solow model was developed to explain long-term national economic growth in a more precise manner. It is a unique theory and it varies from other economic development models since i t comprises of several equations to illustrate how production, capital goods, working time, as well as investments influence each other as indicated before. Another limitation of Solow model is that technological advancement is the only factor considered for long-term national economic growth but at diverse levels of revenue based upon investments and population growth. However, technological development is considered as exogenous since it not explained as it is by this model. The equilibrium growth rates of the pertinent variables is determined by the rate of technological advancement, which is an exogenous factor, the persons in the Solow model as well as theories developed from it does not have the incentive to create new goods. In this essence, Solow model does not integrate human capital, which not only common sense but also new growth theory, would consider very significant for national economic growth. According to capital acquired from the assessments of the model, inherent share of revenue does not relate closely with national accounting information. Nations that that grow rapidly, especially picking up after a crisis, are likely to have a swift turn-over in technologies since they accumulate more capital. However, most critics put forward that this will make it more challenging to gain sufficient experience with the existing technologies. Moreover, in these instances, zero Solow residual points out to increasing labor productivity. In the Solow model theory, if labor productivity as a factor of production is not declining as new areas of expertise become necessary then it implies that the work force is proficient of adapting. This is likely to have the growth of output undervalued by the residual. In other contexts, organizational turnover is associated with the way businesses change and develop specifically. According to the Solow model, this increases or decreases the number of employees that decide to leave a business. There are problems with the development within a business and lapses in the production that occurs (Mankiw, 2004). More important, there are difficulties with the communication and development within a specific organization. Employee development, commitment, and intention are the three top factors of turnover rates as well as the empowerment that is associated with those who are within an organization. If these do not factor in the correct way, then it leads to difficulties within the workspace, specifically because there are problems with growth and development with individuals and the association, which they carry with career skills. The other employees as well as the organizational environment suffer from the impact because of the human assets which each employee carries in his or her endeavors. In 1998, Lucas tried to solve this complication by enlarging the conception of capital to take account of physical and human factors. Human factors comprise of education, and every so often health. In addition, savi ngs or investments that are the vital variable enlightening what extent of steady state revenue various nations attain, is also exogenous (Solow, 1956). The disapproval to exogenous technological growth assumes the endogenous growth theory. As well, this model does not provide answers to the how and why questions related to the occurrence technological progress. As a consequence of these failures, endogenous growth theory was developed. This explains technological development as well as accumulation of knowledge. Closely related to these critics of the Solow model, in 1992, Mankiw and Romer published a reviewed description of the model, which comprised of the human capital factor and education into the calculation of growth. The challenges of the misplaced convergence and overrated convergence speeds are clarified accurately in this manner (Romer 1993, p. 552). From the understanding of Solow model, it is expected that the economic retention rate is based on various aspects of the o rganization, including communication, information, and job satisfaction. Information is one of the several aspects which changes the level of job satisfaction and which leads to employee turnover rates that are within an economy. The information which is provided by organizations directly affects the Solow model, levels of performance and employee turnover rates. The qualitative and quantitative aspects of Solow model show how information is one of the main variables that links to communication, perceptions, turnover rates, and job satisfaction associated with an economy. The fact that Solow model is established on the theory of a closed economy (as indicated earlier) denotes every model has certain imaginary assumptions but could thrive if the final consequences are not subtle to the generalizations used. Besides the model recommended by Solow, there have been several efforts at building a growth model for an open economy. As indicated before, process evaluation is vital since it d eals with the active monitoring of the activities as well as inputs involved towards the achievement of both long-term and short term goals. The basic aim behind process evaluation is therefore to put the project processes under a streamlined and uniformly objective system of action. Therefore, process evaluation remains a critical monitoring approach that unlike both other types of evaluation occurs immediately after a project has been executed. The process occurs throughout the project phase and is basically the directing evaluative component of the program with a fundamental objective of putting the program into the proper channel (Gertler World Bank 2010). In perspective, Solow model offers a monitoring aspect to several economic projects and is carried out continuously. The process allows projects to identify and recognize the factors that are less pertinent, or the economic indicators of the project that may not be performing well. In the execution of model, the deviant facto rs or processes are identified and adjustments are conducted in the process to channel the program towards efficiency and success (Solow 1994). The basic objective here is to enhance the effectiveness as well as efficiency of the model. Thus, it is crucial to note that a project might go astray or lose its course of model if process evaluation components are not considered. This is because the short term outcome as well as the long term impact evaluations usually occurs after specified intervals while process evaluation is a continuous process right from the program initiation stage. Conclusion Solow model was developed to explain long-term national economic growth in a more precise manner. It is a unique theory and it varies from other economic development models since it comprises of several equations to illustrate how production, capital goods, working time, as well as investments influence each other. However there are several critics of this model. Some of the critics discussed here include; in Solow model, technological advancement is the only factor considered for long-term national economic growth but at diverse levels of revenue based upon investments and population growth, and another limitation of this theory lies in convergence of the progress of a national economy as discussed. Precisely, Solow model is one of the unique theories that explain the long-term national economic growth. In spite of its uniqueness, it has some significant limitations. The paper discussed the meaning and major limitations of Solow model with respect to theory and economic references. Agreeably, the Solow model enlightens long-term economic growth based on technological advancement, work, and majors on the national economy. List of References Bosworth, B Collins, S 2008, Accounting for growth: comparing China and India, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 22, no. 1, pp. 45-66. Ellman, M 1989, Socialist Planning, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Krugman, P 1994, The myth of Asia’s miracle, Journal of Foreign Affairs, vol. 73, no. 6, pp. 62-78. Mankiw, N. G 2004, Macroeconomics, chs. 4 and 5, Elsevier Mosby, London. Nelson, R Pack, H 1999, The Asian miracle and modern growth theory, Economic Journal, vol. 109, no. 1, pp. 416-36. Ray, D1998, Development Economics, Princeton University Press, Princeton. Romer, M 1993, Idea Gaps and Object Gaps in Economic Development, Journal of Monetary Economics, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 543-573. Solow, M 1957, Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function’, Review of Economics and Statistics, vo. 39, no.1, pp. 312-320. Solow, R 1956, A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 65-94. Solow, R 1994, ‘Perspectives on growth theory’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-32. Todaro, M Smith, C 2011, Economic Development, Addison Wesley, London. This essay on What are the Main Limitations of the Solow Model? was written and submitted by user Brisa Middleton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.